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During type III solar radio bursts, electromagnetic waves are radiated at the plasma frequency ωp and its harmonics by electrostatic wave turbulence generated by electron beams ejected from the Sun in solar wind and coronal plasmas. These emissions, detected for decades by spacecraft and radio-telescopes, are split by the plasma magnetic field into three modes, X, O and Z, with different dispersion, polarization and radiation properties. Using three...

PLASMAScience Graduate School is excited to announce the launch of the third edition of the PLASMAScience Summer School, dedicated to laser-plasma interactions. It will be held on Porquerolles Island, France, from June 21 to 27, 2026. The Summer School is a one-week, free-of-charge training program for highly-motivated PhD candidates, postdoctoral fellows and early career scientists interested in laser-plasma interactions. Participants only need to...

The cross-section of tokamak plasmas is usually non-circular; the plasma column tends to be vertically elongated and "D"-shaped. The shaping parameter that characterizes the "D"-ness is called triangularity. In recent years, the exotic negative triangularity (NT) shape has attracted renewed interest in the fusion community. NT corresponds to a cross-section resembling a flipped "D" (Figure 1). Figure 1: Sketch of tokamak plasma cross-sections with (a)...